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Compare Coral Sea Islands (2004) - Chad (2007)

Compare Coral Sea Islands (2004) z Chad (2007)

 Coral Sea Islands (2004)Chad (2007)
 Coral Sea IslandsChad
Administrative divisions - 18 regions (regions, singular - region); Batha, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira
Age structure - 0-14 years: 47.3% (male 2,366,496/female 2,308,155)


15-64 years: 49.8% (male 2,250,211/female 2,676,076)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 120,666/female 164,057) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products - cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Airports - 55 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 7


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 48


1,524 to 2,437 m: 16


914 to 1,523 m: 21


under 914 m: 11 (2007)
Area total: less than 3 sq km


land: less than 3 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important
total: 1.284 million sq km


land: 1,259,200 sq km


water: 24,800 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly more than three times the size of California
Background Scattered over some 1 million square kilometers of ocean, the Coral Sea Islands were declared a territory of Australia in 1969. They are uninhabited except for a small meteorological staff on the Willis Islets. Automated weather stations, beacons, and a lighthouse occupy many other islands and reefs. Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution, and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005 new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and have made probing attacks into eastern Chad. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits.
Birth rate - 42.35 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget - revenues: $990.6 million


expenditures: $1.038 billion (2006 est.)
Capital - name: N'Djamena


geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical tropical in south, desert in north
Coastline 3,095 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits
Country name conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory


conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands
conventional long form: Republic of Chad


conventional short form: Chad


local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad


local short form: Tchad/Tshad
Death rate - 16.69 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external - $1.5 billion (2003 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Louis NIGRO


embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena


mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena


telephone: [235] 251-62-11, [235] 251-70-09, [235] 251-77-59


FAX: [235] 251-56-54
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Adam BECHIR


chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009


FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937
Disputes - international none since 2003, Janjawid armed militia and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad remains an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict, reducing tensions with Sudan arising from cross-border banditry; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
Economic aid - recipient - ODA, $379.8 million (2005)
Economy - overview no economic activity Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1 billion barrels - in southern Chad. The nation's total oil reserves have been estimated to be 2 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings.
Electricity - consumption - 88.35 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production - 95 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m
lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m


highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m
Environment - current issues no permanent fresh water resources inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups - Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)
Exchange rates - Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002)
Executive branch administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990)


head of government: Prime Minister Nouradine Delwa KASSIRE Koumakoye (since 26 February 2007)


cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 3 May 2006 (next to be held by May 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 64.7%, Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE 15.1%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 7.8%, Mahamat ABDOULAYE 7.1%, Brahim KOULAMALLAH 5.3%; note - a June 2005 national referendum altered the constitution removing presidential term limits and permitting Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno to run for reelection
Exports - 170,000 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities - cotton, cattle, gum arabic, oil
Exports - partners - US 80.6%, China 10.4%, South Korea 2.3% (2006)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 22.7%


industry: 47%


services: 30.3% (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 1.3% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 00 S, 152 00 E 15 00 N, 19 00 E
Geography - note important nesting area for birds and turtles landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities - machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners - France 18.7%, Cameroon 17.6%, US 12.6%, Germany 7.4%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Belgium 4.9% (2006)
Independence - 11 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate - 5% (1995)
Industries - oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Infant mortality rate - total: 102.07 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 108.27 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 95.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 8% (2006 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 300 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts
Labor force - 2.719 million (1993)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)


industry and services: 20% (1993)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 5,968 km


border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2001)
arable land: 2.8%


permanent crops: 0.02%


other: 97.18% (2005)
Languages - French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Legal system the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the 1996 constitution called for a Senate that has never been formed


elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held by 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, other 11
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 47.2 years


male: 46.17 years


female: 48.27 years (2007 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic


total population: 47.5%


male: 56%


female: 39.3% (2003 est.)
Location Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia Central Africa, south of Libya
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 3 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
none (landlocked)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors -
Military branches - Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale Tchadienne, ANT), Chadian Air Force (Force Aerienne Tchadienne, FAT), Gendarmerie (2007)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 4.2% (2006)
National holiday - Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Nationality - noun: Chadian(s)


adjective: Chadian
Natural hazards occasional tropical cyclones hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Natural resources NEGL petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
Net migration rate - -2.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines - oil 205 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders - Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR [Jean ALINGUE]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station (2004 est.)
9,885,661 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line - 80% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate - 2.32% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only -
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2001)
Religions - Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.025 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.841 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.736 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: primitive system with high costs and low telephone density


domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations


international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)
Telephones - main lines in use - 13,000 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 466,100 (2006)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (2001)
Terrain sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays) broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Total fertility rate - 5.56 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways - Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2006)
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